In the process of aluminum parts cnc machine tool processing, the wear mechanism of the tool is relatively complex. In-depth understanding and effective response are the key to improving the durability of the tool.
First, abrasive wear is a common wear mechanism. Since there may be some hard impurities in the aluminum parts during processing, as well as hard particles formed by the chip tumor produced by the tool itself during the cutting process, these hard particles will continuously scrape the tool surface like abrasives when the tool and the workpiece move relative to each other, causing the tool material to be gradually worn.
Secondly, adhesive wear should not be ignored. Aluminum has strong adhesion. Under the action of high temperature and high pressure during cutting, aluminum chips are easy to adhere to the cutting edge or rake face of the tool. As the cutting continues, these adhesions continue to accumulate and fall off, taking away the tool material and causing the tool to wear.
Furthermore, diffusion wear will occur under certain conditions. When the cutting temperature is high, the elements in the tool material and the elements in the aluminum parts will diffuse with each other, changing the chemical composition and organizational structure of the tool surface, weakening the performance of the tool, and causing wear.
In addition, oxidation wear also exists. In a high temperature environment, the surface of the tool reacts chemically with oxygen in the air to form an oxide film, and under the action of cutting force, the oxide film is constantly destroyed and generated, resulting in tool material loss.
In order to improve the durability of the tool, in the selection of tool materials, carbide or coated tools with high hardness, good wear resistance and good heat resistance can be selected. For example, coated tools can form a protective film on the surface of the tool, effectively reducing the direct friction and chemical reaction between the tool and the aluminum parts and chips, and reducing the wear rate.
In terms of cutting parameters, the cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth should be reasonably selected. Appropriately reducing the cutting speed can reduce the generation of cutting heat, thereby reducing various types of tool wear caused by high temperature; optimizing the feed rate and cutting depth can avoid excessive cutting force on the tool, prevent tool breakage and excessive wear.
The optimization of the tool's geometric parameters is also crucial. Appropriate geometric parameters such as rake angle, back angle and edge inclination angle can improve the tool's cutting performance, reduce cutting force and cutting heat, improve the tool's durability, and ensure the efficiency and high precision of aluminum parts cnc machine tool processing.
